Avoiding transfer of mitochondrial diseases
In April 2010, researchers at the University of Newcastle developed techniques to avoid diseased mitochondria being passed from a mother to her children. This research is at the stage where it needs to be tested in humans. To enable this, new regulations are needed to allow the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) to issue a licence for such techniques to be used therapeutically.
Mitochondria are often referred to as the cell's 'batteries'. The information required to create these 'batteries' is known as the mitochondrial DNA, and this DNA can sometimes mutate. These mutations are passed from mother to child and can result in mitochondrial diseases. These diseases can cause fatal liver failure, stroke-like episodes, blindness, muscular dystrophy, diabetes and deafness, and affect around one child in 6500.
Amendments introduced through the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (2008), which the Wellcome Trust helped influence, envisaged the development of such techniques and provided the Secretary of State with the power to amend regulations to enable the HFEA to issue licences for these therapies. If these licences are issued, researchers will be able to undertake trials in humans that could ultimately lead to women with mitochondrial diseases being able to choose to conceive healthy babies, free from mitochondrial diseases.
The HFEA considered the efficacy and safety of the techniques and concluded that, if the techniques are proven to be safe and effective, it would be ethical for families to use them if they wish to do so along with appropriate levels of information of support. It also carried out a public consultation, which found the public to be broadly in support of permitting these techniques to be used.
At the end of June 2013, Chief Medical Officer Dame Sally Davies announced that the Department of Health would begin drafting regulations later this year that would then be taken to a further public consultation. It is expected that Parliament could begin debating these regulations as early as autumn 2013. If approved, the regulations would make the UK the first country in the world to give patients the option of using the ground-breaking IVF-based treatment.
Background information
- Innovative genetic treatment to prevent mitochondrial disease, Dept of Health, 28 June 2013
- HFEA agrees advice to Government on the ethics and science of mitochondria replacement, HFEA, March 2013
- Mitochondrial diseases: have your say, Wellcome Trust blog, 24 September 2012
- Healing broken batteries: The Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Wellcome Trust YouTube channel
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics report ‘Novel techniques for the prevention of mitochondrial DNA disorders: an ethical review’ June 2012
- ‘Out of the shadows: freeing families from mitochondrial inherited disease’, Wellcome Trust, 12 June 2012
- Nuts and bolts: Mitochondria [PDF, 2.1MB], 'Wellcome News', spring 2012
- Mitochondria public consultation 2012, HEFA, June 2012
Trust-funded related research
- Press release: Techniques to prevent transmission of mitochondrial diseases to be assessed in new £5.8 million Wellcome Trust centre, 19 January 2012
- Press release: UK researchers successfully transfer genetic material between two fertilised eggs 15 April 2010
Selected press coverage to date
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Three-person IVF: UK government backs mitochondrial transfer
The Guardian, 28 Jun 2013 -
Government must move quickly on ‘three parent IVF’
Daily Telegraph, 20 March 2013 -
Three person IVF trial ‘success’
BBC online, 24 October 2012 - Fertility regulator to consult public over plans for new fertility treatments
- Guardian, 17 September 2012
- ‘Three people, one baby’ public consultation begins
- BBC Online 17 September 2012
- Three parent IVF proposed
- BBC Today Programme, 11 March 2011
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Should ‘three-parent IVF’ be allowed?
BBC Today programme, 11 March 2011 -
Watchdog to review ‘three-parent’ fertility treatment
Guardian, 11 March 2011 - ‘Three-parent’ mitochondrial IVF technique to be assessed
- The Telegraph, 11 March 2011
This page will be regularly updated; please revisit to find out about recent developments.


